Primerjava lokalnih geoidnih modelov v zahodni Makedoniji, določenih z metodama KTH in CSH

Comparison of Local Geoid Models in Western Macedonia Determined by KTH and CSH Methods

Author(s):

Filip Petrovski, Zlatko Bogdanovski

Abstract:

One of the fundamental objectives in geodesy is determining a geoid model for a specific region, whether local or global. The research addresses key theoretical, methodological, and numerical challenges in geoid modelling and presents a geoid for a specific region in Western Macedonia, using the KTH and CSH methods. The analysis integrates global geopotential models (GGMs), digital elevation models (DEMs), gravity anomalies, and GNSS data. The GGMs and DEMs are freely accessible, whereas the gravity and GNSS datasets were obtained from the Agency for Cadastre of North Macedonia (AREC). Seven GGMs chosen are satellite-only (GOCE, GRACE, and GOCE+GRACE) and the combined model EGM2008 to analyze different model behaviors. The publicly available DEMs (SRTM, ASTER, MERIT, and TANDEM-X) were used for the calculations. Gravity data include measurements from an AREC campaign (2010-2014) and historical SFRY data from the 1960s-1970s. The dataset contains 61 GNSS/levelling points and 104 additional gravity points, totalling 165. Of the GNSS ponts, 46 were used for validation of the models. Following computation, the gravimetric geoids were fitted using a four-parameter corrector surface. Comparison of gravimetric and geometric undulations yielded root mean square errors (RMSE) of 5.53 cm and 5.51 cm, with KTH and CSH methods, respectively.

Keywords:

Geoid, Gravity, KTH, CSH, GNSS, Levelling, GGM, DEM

DOI: 10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2026.02.248-267

Citation:

Filip Petrovski, Zlatko Bogdanovski (2026). Primerjava lokalnih geoidnih modelov v zahodni Makedoniji, določenih z metodama KTH in CSH. | Comparison of Local Geoid Models in Western Macedonia Determined by KTH and CSH Methods. Geodetski vestnik, 70 (2), 248-267. DOI: 10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2026.02.248-267